मराठी व्याकरणात "लिंग"

 

Articles of the Indian Constitution: Comprehensive UPSC Notes in English

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949, and fully enacted on January 26, 1950. It is regarded as the world's largest written constitution. Initially, it consisted of 22 Parts, 395 Articles, and 8 Schedules. As of now, it includes 25 Parts, 448 Articles, 12 Schedules, and 5 Appendices.

This document is essential for competitive exams like UPSC, MPSC, SSC, Banking Exams, and others, where questions on constitutional provisions are frequently asked. Below is an organized list of the Articles of the Indian Constitution for easy reference.

---

Part 1: The Union and Its Territory (Articles 1–4)

• Article 1: Name and territory of the Union.
• Article 2: Admission or establishment of new states.
• Article 3: Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states.

---

Part 2: Citizenship (Articles 5–11)

• Article 5: Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
• Article 6: Rights of citizenship for certain persons migrating from Pakistan to India.
• Article 10: Continuance of rights of citizenship.
• Article 11: Parliament's power to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

---

Part 3: Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35)

Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)

• Article 14: Equality before the law and equal protection of laws.
• Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment.
• Article 17: Abolition of untouchability.
• Article 18: Abolition of titles.

Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)

• Article 19: Guarantees six freedoms to all citizens:
1. Freedom of speech and expression.
2. Freedom to assemble peaceably without arms.
3. Freedom to form associations or unions.
4. Freedom to move freely throughout India.
5. Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India.
6. Freedom to practice any profession or trade.
• Article 20: Protection against conviction of offenses.
• Article 21: Right to life and personal liberty.
• Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)

• Article 23: Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labor.
• Article 24: Prohibition of child labor in factories and hazardous industries.

Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)

• Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
• Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
• Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of a religion.
• Article 28: Freedom to attend religious instruction or worship in certain institutions.

Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)

• Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities.
• Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

Right to Constitutional Remedies (Articles 32–35)

• Article 32: Right to move the Supreme Court to enforce Fundamental Rights.

---

Part 4: Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36–51)

• Article 36: Definition of Directive Principles.
• Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid.
• Article 40: Organization of village panchayats.
• Article 44: Uniform Civil Code for all citizens.
• Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections.

---

Part 4A: Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

• Specifies 11 fundamental duties for Indian citizens.

---

Part 5: The Union (Articles 52–151)

Executive

• Article 52: The President of India.
• Article 53: Executive powers of the Union.
• Article 54: Election of the President.
• Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the President.
• Article 76: Attorney General of India.

Legislature

• Article 79: Constitution of Parliament.
• Article 80: Composition of the Rajya Sabha.
• Article 81: Composition of the Lok Sabha.
• Article 110: Definition of Money Bills.
• Article 123: Power of the President to promulgate ordinances.

Judiciary

• Article 124: Establishment of the Supreme Court.
• Article 137: Review of judgments by the Supreme Court.

---

Part 6: The States (Articles 152–237)

• Article 153: Governors of states.
• Article 161: Pardoning power of the Governor.
• Article 213: Ordinance-making power of the Governor.

---

Part 17: Official Language (Articles 343–351)

• Article 343: Official language of the Union is Hindi in Devanagari script.
• Article 351: Promotion of Hindi.

---

Part 18: Emergency Provisions (Articles 352–360)

• Article 352: Proclamation of National Emergency.
• Article 356: State Emergency (President’s Rule).
• Article 360: Financial Emergency.

---

This summary highlights the major articles crucial for competitive exams. For a complete list and in-depth analysis, refer to the official Constitution text or standard reference books.